Marbury is a terrible case to flex your pre-law muscles, because it's really a Civil Procedure case in the guise of a ConLaw case. And there's no reason to learn that crap by yourself. Try Torts or Contracts.
The Founders created the Federal courts. The bulk of your CivPro course will discuss their "subject matter jurisdiction," or which cases they're allowed to hear. Article III, s 2 provides the constitutional limit of these cases, and then federal statutes like 28 USC 1359 have helped to carve it out (e.g., diversity, 75k, federal question). Marbury says, in so many words, that SCOTUS does not have jurisdiction over this case. In doing so, he ironically gave strength to the court.
Don't read Marbury over the summer. I can't think of a more obnoxious waste of time.