The Fee Tail Estate
In Massachusetts, O conveyed to A and the heirs of his body.
(1) A died leaving son B surviving him. Describe the state of the title.
[B has a fee tail; O has a reversion which will become possessory when the lineal descendants run out.]
(2) A died. A had a son B born to him, but B predeceased A. Describe the state of the title.
[No lineal descendants; reverts to O.]
(3) A died. A had a son B born to him, but B predeceased A. B, however, had a son C who survived A. Describe the state of the title.
[Estate passes to C -- fee tail]
(4) A transfers the estate to D prior to his death. A had a son B surviving him.
Describe the state of the title.
[Fee tail destroyed upon inter vivos transfer to D under MA law]
Life Estate -
O is the owner in fee simple absolute.
1. O conveys to A for life. What is the state of the title?
[Life estate in A; reversion in O]
2. A dies. What is the state of the title?
[O has fee simple absolute]
3. O conveys to A for life. A conveys to B for A's life.
Describe the state of the title.
[A life; B life estate measured by A's life -- Life estate Per Autre Vie]
4. What is the state of the title if A dies before B?
What is the state of the title if B dies before A?
[Property reverts back to O. Property cannot revert back to A b/c A did not keep a reversion; will go to B's devisees or heirs until A's death and then to O.]
Reversionary Interests
O is the owner in fee simple absolute. What reversionary interest, if any, is created by the following transfer? Who owns the reversionary interest?
(1) To A and his heirs.
[No reversionary interest -- fee simple absolute]
(2) To A and the heirs of his body.
[O has a reversion; fee tail estate in A]
(3) To A for life.
[O has a reversion]
(4) To A for life, then to B and his heirs.
[No reversion; B has a vested remainder]
(5) To A and his heirs so long as the land is used for residential purposes.
[O -- possibility of reverter]
(6) To A and his heirs on condition that the property conveyed be used for residential purposes, but if not so used O may reenter and possess the premises.
[O right of reentry]
(7) To A for life on condition that A reside on the land, but in the event A does not do so, O may reenter and possess the premises.
[O has right of reentry and reversion]
Remainders
Identify the type of remainder, if any, in the following conveyances by O (the fee simple absolute owner). (Note Rule in Shelley’s Case and Doctrine of Worthier Title are in effect):
(1) To A for life, then to B and his heirs.
[Vested remainder]
(2) To A for life.
[No remainder]
(3) To A for life. O then transfers all of O's right, title and interest in the land to B.
[Not same time or instrument; so no vested remainder in B; B steps in the shoes of O and owns a reversion in fee simple absolute].
(4) To A and the heirs of his body, then to B and his heirs.
[fee tail; vested remainder -- natural termination of the preceding estate].
(5) To A for ten years, then to B and his heirs.
[term of years; vested remainder]
(6) To A for life, then to B for life, then to C and her heirs.
[A -- life estate; B has a vested remainder for life; C vested remainder in fee simple]
(7) To A for life, then if B survives A to B and his heirs
[Contingent remainder -- condition precedent]
(

To A for life, then to B, and then to C and her heirs.
[B has a vested remainder for life; C a vested remainder in fee simple].
(9) To A for life, then to the children of B and their heirs. B is living and has one child, X.
[Vested remainder subject to open]
(10) Same conveyance as in (9), but another child, Y, is born to B. A dies one year later, followed by the birth of B’s third child, Z. Describe the state of the title.
[X and Y vested remainders that become fee simple estates; Z nothing -- class closes on A's death in most jurisdictions ]
(11) To A for life, then to B and his heirs, but if B uses premises for the sale of liquor, O shall have the power to enter and repossess the premises.
[Vested remainder subject to divestment] (When interest becomes possessory, it’s a fee simple subject to divestment.)
(12) To A for life, but if B marries before A dies then to B and his heirs.
[B has an executory interest not a remainder b/c B's interest may cut short A's prior life estate subject to executory limitation]
(13) To A for life, then to B and his heirs if B attains age 21.
[Contingent remainder -- condition precedent]
(14) To A for life then, if a child is born to B to B and her heirs.
At the time of the conveyance B is childless.
[Contingent remainder in B -- condition precedent and takers unascertained]
(15) O conveys to A for life, then to the children of B and their heirs. B is childless.
[Contingent remainder -- taker unascertained]
(16) O conveys to A for life then to the eldest son of B and his heirs (B is childless). A dies; B is still childless.
[Property reverts back to O on A's death. O has a fee simple subject to an executory limitation, with an executory interest in B's eldest son that would vest and become possessory if B ever has a son during her lifetime -- contingent remainder not destroyed].
(17) O conveys to A for life, then to A's heirs .
[Under Rule in Shelley's Case, remainder placed in A personally and not in A's heirs. Remainder merges w/ lie estate to create a fee simple absolute in A. Can be avoided by creating leasehold for fixed term in A rather than life estate. Modern analysis -- A's heirs have a contingent remainder]
(18) O conveys to A for life, then to B for life, then to A’s heirs.
[No merger under Rule in Shelley's case b/c B has an intervening life estate; A has final remainder]
(19) To A for life, then to B and his heirs, but if B does not survive A, then to C and her heirs.
[Vested remainder subject to divestment b/c of wording -- B loses her interest if a subsequent event happens; C has a shifting executory interest. Courts may use discretion in classifying interest]
(20) To A for life, then to B and his heirs if B survives A if not then to C and his heirs if C survives B.
[alternating contingent remainders -- courts may use discretion]
(21) To A for life, then to the heirs of O.
[Under Doctrine of Worthier Title, A has a life estate and O has a reversion and can dispose of it as he wishes. Majority view].
Executory Interests
(1) O to A and his heirs after the marriage of A to B.
[springing executory interest in A]
(2) O to A and his heirs, but if A dies childless, then to B and his heirs. Describe the state of the title.
[shifting executory interest in B]
(3) See #16 & 19 above under remainders.